Early differential diagnosis of pancytopenia related diseases based on serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.

Pancytopenia is a common blood disorder defined as the decrease of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in the peripheral blood. Its genesis mechanism is typically complex and a variety of diseases have been found to be capable of causing pancytopenia, some of which are featured by their high mortality rates. Early judgement on the cause of pancytopenia can benefit timely and appropriate treatment to improve patient survival significantly. In this study, a serum surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method was explored for the early differential diagnosis of three pancytopenia related diseases, i.e., aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and spontaneous remission of pancytopenia (SRP), in which the patients with those pancytopenia related diseases at initial stage exhibited same pancytopenia symptom but cannot be conclusively diagnosed through conventional clinical examinations. The SERS spectral analysis results suggested that certain amino acids, protein substances and nucleic acids are expected to be potential biomarkers for their early differential diagnosis. In addition, a diagnostic model was established based on the joint use of partial least squares analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PLS-LDA), and an overall accuracy of 86.67 % was achieved to differentiate those pancytopenia related diseases, even at the time that confirmed diagnosis cannot be made by routine clinical examinations. Therefore, the proposed method has demonstrated great potential for the early differential diagnosis of pancytopenia related diseases, thus it has significant clinical importance for the timely and rational guidance on subsequent treatment to improve patient survival.

Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Sheds Light on Flavonoid Biosynthesis in the Fruiting Body of Stropharia rugosoannulata.

Flavonoids are a diverse family of natural compounds that are widely distributed in plants and play a critical role in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. In recent years, the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants has been well-researched, with the successive discovery of key genes driving this process. However, the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in fungi remains unclear. Stropharia rugosoannulata is an edible mushroom known for its high nutritional and pharmacological value, with flavonoids being one of its main active components. To investigate the flavonoid content of S. rugosoannulata, a study was conducted to extract and determine the total flavonoids at four stages: young mushroom (Ym), gill (Gi), maturation (Ma), and parachute-opening (Po). The findings revealed a gradual increase in total flavonoid concentration as the fruiting body developed, with significant variations observed between the Ym, Gi, and Ma stages. Subsequently, we used UPLC-MS/MS and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to quantify the flavonoids and identify regulatory genes of Ym, Gi, and Ma. In total, 53 flavonoid-related metabolites and 6726 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, we identified 59 structural genes encoding flavonoid biosynthesis-related enzymes, most of which were up-regulated during the development of the fruiting body, consistent with the accumulation of flavonoids. This research led to the establishment of a comprehensive transcriptional metabolic regulatory network encompassing flavonoids, flavonoid synthases, and transcription factors (TFs). This represents the first systematic exploration of the molecular mechanism of flavonoids in the fruiting of fungi, offering a foundation for further research on flavonoid mechanisms and the breeding of high-quality S. rugosoannulata.

Flexible Aerogel Materials: A Review on Revolutionary Flexibility Strategies and the Multifunctional Applications.

The design and preparation of flexible aerogel materials with high deformability and versatility have become an emerging research topic in the aerogel fields, as the brittle nature of traditional aerogels severely affects their safety and reliability in use. Herein, we review the preparation methods and properties of flexible aerogels and summarize the various controlling and design methods of aerogels to overcome the fragility caused by high porosity and nanoporous network structure. The mechanical flexibility of aerogels can be revolutionarily improved by monomer regulation, nanofiber assembly, structural design and controlling, and constructing of aerogel composites, which can greatly broaden the multifunctionality and practical application prospects. The design and construction criterion of aerogel flexibility is summarized: constructing a flexible and deformable microstructure in an aerogel matrix. Besides, the derived multifunctional applications in the fields of flexible thermal insulation (flexible thermal protection at extreme temperatures), flexible wearable electronics (flexible sensors, flexible electrodes, electromagnetic shielding, and wave absorption), and environmental protection (oil/water separation and air filtration) are summarized. Furthermore, the future development prospects and challenges of flexible aerogel materials are also summarized. This review will provide a comprehensive research basis and guidance for the structural design, fabrication methods, and potential applications of flexible aerogels.

Two new ant species of the genus Leptogenys (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Hainan, China, with a key to the known Chinese species.

Two new species of ponerine ants from Hainan Province, China, Leptogenyshainanensissp. nov. and L.zhouisp. nov., are delineated and depicted based on the worker caste. Leptogenyshainanensissp. nov. belongs to the L.leleji species group, with mandibles elongate, slender and curved, lacking a distinct masticatory margin. On the other hand, L.zhouisp. nov. belongs to the L.crassicornis species group, distinguished by its square head, smooth body, mandibles with a dentate masticatory margin, and short antennae. A key to workers for the known species of Leptogenys in China are provided and a map is provided for the newly described species.

Theoretical design of a solid scintillation detector for tritium surface contamination measurement based on CaF2(Eu) sheet and self-coincidence technology of MCP-PMT.

Measurement of tritium surface contamination is important for tritium related facilities, especially for fusion devices. A novel detector has been designed for tritium surface contamination measurements based on CaF2(Eu) sheet and Microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT). Self-coincidence technology has been introduced to obtain lower detection limit by diminishing the background noise caused by γ-rays and hot electrons. Performance of the detector was optimized by specifying the key parameters including the distance of the scintillator and sample, the thickness of light guide, the number of annular electrodes et al., using Monte Carlo method. Results indicate that detection efficiency of 49.4 % and the response deviations at different positions less than 0.5 % could be achieved. The detection limit of tritium under the simulation conditions is 0.09 Bq/cm2 and 0.03 Bq/cm2 when the counting time is 10 s and 60 s, respectively.

Sorafenib plus memory like natural killer cell combination therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Sorafenib, FDA-approved therapy for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), leads to limited improvement in overall survival. However, it may indirectly impact the expansion and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. While NK cell-based immunotherapies generally exhibit favorable safety profiles, their effectiveness in controlling solid tumor growth is constrained, primarily due to the absence of antigen specificity and suboptimal expansion and persistence within the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we postulated that enhancing NK cell functionality via cytokine activation could bolster their viability and cytotoxic capabilities, leading to an improved therapeutic response when combined with sorafenib. Memory-like (ML)-NK cells were generated through the supplementation of optimal concentrations of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 cytokines. Following a single day of treatment, cytotoxicity against rat and human HCC cells was evaluated via flow cytometry analysis. A rat HCC model was developed in 30 animals via subcapsular implantation and assigned to control, NK, sorafenib, ML-NK, and combination groups. Sorafenib was administered orally, and NK cells were delivered via the intrahepatic artery. Tumor growth was measured one week after treatment evaluation. Therapeutic efficacy during in-vitro and in-vivo analysis was investigated through a one-way ANOVA test, followed by pairwise two-tailed Student t-tests, considering P < 0.05 statistically significant. The in-vitro experiment results demonstrated that sorafenib and conventional NK cell therapies induced more substantial cell death than the control group (P < 0.01). ML NK cells significantly improved cell death compared to conventional NK cell immunotherapy. Furthermore, sorafenib in combination with ML-NK cells significantly decreased the viability of HCC cells (P < 0.05) compared to sorafenib plus conventional NK cell combination therapy. In vivo experiments have shown that sorafenib and ML-NK cell immunotherapy reduced the growth rate of HCC tumors compared to conventional NK immunotherapy and control groups. Notably, a combination of sorafenib and ML-NK cell immunochemotherapy resulted in the most significant suppression of tumor growth when compared to other therapies. In conclusion, our experimental findings demonstrate that the concurrent administration of sorafenib and ML-NK immunotherapy enhances cytotoxicity against HCC by optimizing the therapeutic response through cytokine activation, resulting in a significant decrease in tumor growth.

Intrathecal delivery of a bicistronic AAV9 vector expressing ß-hexosaminidase A corrects Sandhoff disease in a murine model: A dosage study.

The pathological accumulation of GM2 ganglioside associated with Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) and Sandhoff disease (SD) occurs in individuals who possess mutant forms of the heterodimer ß-hexosaminidase A (Hex A) because of mutation of the HEXA and HEXB genes, respectively. With a lack of approved therapies, patients experience rapid neurological decline resulting in early death. A novel bicistronic vector carrying both HEXA and HEXB previously demonstrated promising results in mouse models of SD following neonatal intravenous administration, including significant reduction in GM2 accumulation, increased levels of Hex A, and a 2-fold extension of survival. The aim of the present study was to identify an optimal dose of the bicistronic vector in 6-week-old SD mice by an intrathecal route of administration along with transient immunosuppression, to inform possible clinical translation. Three doses of the bicistronic vector were tested: 2.5e11, 1.25e11, and 0.625e11 vector genomes per mouse. The highest dose provided the greatest increase in biochemical and behavioral parameters, such that treated mice lived to a median age of 56 weeks (>3 times the lifespan of the SD controls). These results have direct implications in deciding a human equivalent dose for TSD/SD and have informed the approval of a clinical trial application (NCT04798235).

Trifunctional L-Cysteine Assisted Construction of MoO2 /MoS2 /C Nanoarchitecture Toward High-Rate Sodium Storage.

The volume collapse and slow kinetics reaction of anode materials are two key issues for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, an "embryo" strategy is proposed for synthesis of nanorod-embedded MoO2 /MoS2 /C network nanoarchitecture as anode for SIBs with high-rate performance. Interestingly, L-cysteine which plays triple roles including sulfur source, reductant, and carbon source can be utilized to produce the sulfur vacancy-enriched heterostructure. Specifically, L-cysteine can combine with metastable monoclinic MoO3 nanorods at room temperature to encapsulate the "nutrient" of MoOx analogues (MoO2.5 (OH)0.5 and MoO3 ·0.5H2 O) and hydrogen-deficient L-cysteine in the "embryo" precursor affording for subsequent in situ multistep heating treatment. The resultant MoO2 /MoS2 /C presents a high-rate capability of 875 and 420 mAh g-1 at 0.5 and 10 A g-1 , respectively, which are much better than the MoS2 -based anode materials reported by far. Finite element simulation and analysis results verify that the volume expansion can be reduced to 42.8% from 88.8% when building nanorod-embedded porous network structure. Theoretical calculations reveal that the sulfur vacancies and heterointerface engineering can promote the adsorption and migration of Na+ leading to highly enhanced thermodynamic and kinetic reaction. The work provides an efficient approach to develop advanced electrode materials for energy storage.

Chimeric antigen receptors enable superior control of HIV replication by rapidly killing infected cells.

Engineered T cells hold great promise to become part of an effective HIV cure strategy, but it is currently unclear how best to redirect T cells to target HIV. To gain insight, we generated engineered T cells using lentiviral vectors encoding one of three distinct HIV-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) or a previously optimized HIV-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and compared their functional capabilities. All engineered T cells had robust, antigen-specific polyfunctional cytokine profiles when mixed with artificial antigen-presenting cells. However, only the CAR T cells could potently control HIV replication. TCR affinity enhancement did not augment HIV control but did allow TCR T cells to recognize common HIV escape variants. Interestingly, either altering Nef activity or adding additional target epitopes into the HIV genome bolstered TCR T cell anti-HIV activity, but CAR T cells remained superior in their ability to control HIV replication. To better understand why CAR T cells control HIV replication better than TCR T cells, we performed a time course to determine when HIV-specific T cells were first able to activate Caspase 3 in HIV-infected targets. We demonstrated that CAR T cells recognized and killed HIV-infected targets more rapidly than TCR T cells, which correlates with their ability to control HIV replication. These studies suggest that the speed of target recognition and killing is a key determinant of whether engineered T cell therapies will be effective against infectious diseases.

Multi-Omics Analyses Unravel Metabolic and Transcriptional Differences in Tender Shoots from Two Sechium edule Varieties.

Chaylte vine, the tender shoot of Sechium edule, is popular among vegetable consumers because of its high nutritional content, crisp texture, and unique flavor. Existing studies on the nutrient composition of chaylte vines are mostly simple chemical determinations, which have limited the breeding of specialized cultivars and the development of related industries. Using metabolomics combined with transcriptomics, this study analyzed the metabolic characteristics and related molecular mechanisms of two common varieties of chaylte vines: green-skinned (SG) and white-skinned (SW). Between the two varieties, a total of 277 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Furthermore, chemical assays demonstrated that the SW exhibited a higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, it was found that the SG samples exhibited a higher diversity of flavonoid subclasses compared to the SW samples, despite having a lower total flavonoid content. This inconsistent finding was likely due to the differential expression of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes in the two varieties. These results laid the foundation for investigating the mechanisms involved in flavonoid regulation and the breeding of specialized S. edule cultivars for chaylte vine production.

Efficacy of Adeno-Associated Virus Serotype 9-Mediated Gene Therapy for AB-Variant GM2 Gangliosidosis.

GM2 gangliosidoses are a group of neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders that are characterized by the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides (GM2), leading to rapid neurological decline and death. The hydrolysis of GM2 requires the specific synthesis, processing, and combination of products of three genes-HEXA, HEXB, and GM2A-within the cell's lysosomes. Mutations in these genes result in Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, or AB-variant GM2 gangliosidosis (ABGM2), respectively. ABGM2, the rarest of the three types, is characterized by a mutation in the GM2A gene, which encodes the GM2 activator (GM2A) protein. Being a monogenic disease, gene therapy is a plausible and likely effective method of treatment for ABGM2. This study aimed at assessing the effects of administering a one-time intravenous treatment of single-stranded Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (ssAAV9)-GM2A viral vector at a dose of 1 × 1014 vector genomes (vg) per kilogram per mouse in an ABGM2 mouse model (Gm2a-/-). ssAAV9-GM2A was administered at 1-day (neonatal) or 6-weeks of age (adult-stage). The results demonstrated that, in comparison to Gm2a-/- mice that received a vehicle injection, the treated mice had reduced GM2 accumulation within the central nervous system and had long-term persistence of vector genomes in the brain and liver. This proof-of-concept study is a step forward towards the development of a clinically therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with ABGM2.

Construction and validation of cuproptosis-related lncRNA prediction signature for bladder cancer and immune infiltration analysis.

Bladder cancer (BC) is a common urologic tumor with a high recurrence rate. Cuproptosis and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have demonstrated essential roles in the tumorigenesis of many malignancies. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of cuproptosis-related lncRNA (CRLs) in BC is still unclear. The public data used for this study were acquired from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. A comprehensive exploration of the expression profile, mutation, co-expression, and enrichment analyses of cuproptosis-related genes was performed. A total of 466 CRLs were identified using Pearson's correlation analysis. 16 prognostic CRLs were then retained by univariate Cox regression. Unsupervised clustering divided the patients into two clusters with diverse survival outcomes. The signature consists of 7 CRLs was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses. Survival curves and receiver operating characteristics showed the prognostic signature possessed good predictive value, which was validated in the testing and entire sets. The reliability and stability of our signature were further confirmed by stratified analysis. Additionally, the signature-based risk score was confirmed as an independent prognostic factor. Gene set enrichment analysis showed molecular alteration in the high-risk group was closely associated with cancer. We then developed the clinical nomogram using independent prognostic indicators. Notably, the infiltration of immune cells and expression of immune checkpoints were higher in the high-risk group, suggesting that they may benefit more from immunotherapy. In summary, the prognostic signature might effectively predict the prognosis and provide new insight into the clinical treatment of BC patients.

Aromatic Terpenes and Their Biosynthesis in Dendrobium, and Conjecture on the Botanical Perfumer Mechanism.

This review presents a systematic analysis of the studies on volatiles in Dendrobium. Among the various components, aromatic terpenes are a crucial component in the development of the aromatic characteristics of Dendrobium and other plants. Recent advancements in detection and sequencing technology have resulted in a considerable rise in research on the biosynthetic processes of aromatic terpenes in Dendrobium and other flowering plants. Nevertheless, the inquiry into the precise means by which plants regulate the proportion of diverse aromatic terpenes in their floral scent, thereby preserving their olfactory traits, requires further investigation. A conjecture on the botanical perfumer mechanism, which condensed the findings of earlier studies, was put forward to address this area of interest. Specific transcription factors likely govern the coordinated expression of multiple key terpene synthase (TPS) genes during the flowering stage of plants, thereby regulating the proportional biosynthesis of diverse aromatic terpenes and sustaining the distinctive aromatic properties of individual plants. This review serves as a significant theoretical reference for further investigations into aromatic volatile compounds in Dendrobium.

Biochemical Correction of GM2 Ganglioside Accumulation in AB-Variant GM2 Gangliosidosis.

GM2 gangliosidosis is a group of genetic disorders that result in the accumulation of GM2 ganglioside (GM2) in brain cells, leading to progressive central nervous system (CNS) atrophy and premature death in patients. AB-variant GM2 gangliosidosis (ABGM2) arises from loss-of-function mutations in the GM2 activator protein (GM2AP), which is essential for the breakdown of GM2 in a key catabolic pathway required for CNS lipid homeostasis. In this study, we show that intrathecal delivery of self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype-9 (scAAV9) harbouring a functional human GM2A transgene (scAAV9.hGM2A) can prevent GM2 accumulation in in GM2AP-deficient mice (Gm2a-/- mice). Additionally, scAAV9.hGM2A efficiently distributes to all tested regions of the CNS within 14 weeks post-injection and remains detectable for the lifespan of these animals (up to 104 weeks). Remarkably, GM2AP expression from the transgene scales with increasing doses of scAAV9.hGM2A (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 × 1011 vector genomes (vg) per mouse), and this correlates with dose-dependent correction of GM2 accumulation in the brain. No severe adverse events were observed, and comorbidities in treated mice were comparable to those in disease-free cohorts. Lastly, all doses yielded corrective outcomes. These data indicate that scAAV9.hGM2A treatment is relatively non-toxic and tolerable, and biochemically corrects GM2 accumulation in the CNS-the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ABGM2. Importantly, these results constitute proof-of-principle for treating ABGM2 with scAAV9.hGM2A by means of a single intrathecal administration and establish a foundation for future preclinical research.

Self-Luminous Wood Coatings with Carbon Dots/TiO2 Grafted Afterglow SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy Core-Shell Phosphors for Long-Lasting Formaldehyde Removal.

Long-term relief of indoor volatile pollution has become a competitive issue worldwide in both visible and dark environments. A novel self-luminous wood coating with carbon dots (CDs)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanomaterial coated SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ (CDs/TiO2@SAO) composite was prepared for the long-term degradation of formaldehyde through a simple sol-gel method. The microstructure, chemical composition, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra, and long-lasting fluorescence of the CDs/TiO2@SAO photocatalyst were analyzed to illustrate the mechanism for degrading formaldehyde. The obtained CDs with a particle size of ~2-7 nm have a good graphite structure and presented good absorption in visible light. In addition, owing to the synergistic effect of the CDs/TiO2 nanomaterial coating layer and the long-afterglow luminescence of the SAO phosphor, the CDs/TiO2@SAO composite can absorb a part of the visible light for photocatalytic degradation and store luminous energy efficiently at daytime so as to give out visible luminescence continuously for a few hours in the darkness. Furthermore, the functional wood coatings with CDs/TiO2@SAO composite presented continuous and efficient photocatalytic activity in the presence and absence of light exposure. The current research could provide a new strategy for designing an efficient photocatalyst for degrading formaldehyde pollution in the daytime with a visible light supply and in an indoor dark environment without an external light source.

Comparative efficacy and safety of different hemostatic medications during spinal surgery: A network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Significant blood loss is still one of the most frequent issues in spinal surgery. There were different hemostatic methods to prevent blood loss during spinal surgery. However, the optimal hemostatic therapy for spinal surgery is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of different hemostatic therapies in spinal surgery. METHODS: Two independent reviewers conducted electronic literature searches in 3 electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library database) as well as a manual search to identify eligible clinical studies from inception to Nov 2022. Studies that including different hemostatic therapy (tranexamic acid [TXA], epsilon-acetyl aminocaproic acid [EACA], and aprotinin [AP]) for spinal surgery were included. The Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) analysis was performed to determine the ranking order. All analyses were performed by R software and Stata software. P value less than .05 was identified as statistically significant. RESULTS: Finally, a total of 34 randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and finally included in this network meta-analysis. The SUCRA shows that TXA ranked first (SUCRA, 88.4%), AP ranked second (SUCRA, 71.6%), EACA ranked third (SUCRA, 39.9%), and placebo ranked the last (SUCRA, 0.3%) as for total blood loss. The SUCRA shows that TXA ranked first (SUCRA, 97.7%), AP ranked second (SUCRA, 55.8%), EACA ranked third (SUCRA, 46.2%), and placebo ranked the last (SUCRA, 0.2%) for need for transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: TXA appears optimal in the reduction of perioperative bleeding and blood transfusion during spinal surgery. However, considering the limitations in this study, more large-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.

The Complete Mitogenomes of Three Grasshopper Species with Special Notes on the Phylogenetic Positions of Some Related Genera.

Clarifying phylogenetic position and reconstructing robust phylogeny of groups using various evidences are an eternal theme for taxonomy and systematics. In this study, the complete mitogenomes of Longzhouacris mirabilis, Ranacris albicornis, and Conophyma zhaosuensis were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the characteristics of the mitogenomes are presented briefly. The mitogenomes of the three species are all circular molecules with total lengths of 16,164 bp, 15,720 bp, and 16,190 bp, respectively. The gene structures and orders, as well as the characteristics of the mitogenomes, are similar to those of other published mitogenomes in Caelifera. The phylogeny of the main subfamilies of Acrididae with prosternal process was reconstructed using a selected dataset of mitogenome sequences under maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) frameworks. The results showed that the genus Emeiacris consistently fell into the subfamily Melanoplinae rather than Oxyinae, and the genus Choroedocus had the closest relationship with Shirackiacris of the subfamily Eyprepocnemidinae in both phylogenetic trees deduced from mitogenome protein coding genes (PCGs). This finding is entirely consistent with the morphological characters, which indicate that Emeiacris belongs to Melanoplinae and Choroedocus belongs to Eyprepocnemidinae. In addition, the genera Conophymacris and Xiangelilacris, as well as Ranacris and Menglacris, are two pairs of the closest relatives, but their phylogenetic positions need further study to clarify.

A Clinical Prediction Model Based on Post Large Artery Atherosclerosis Infarction Pneumonia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) has been found as a common complication in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) infarct is a major subtype of AIS. This study aimed to build a clinical prediction model for SAP of LAA type AIS patients. METHODS: This study included 295 patients with LAA type AIS. Univariate analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the independent predictors for the modeling purpose. Nomogram used receiver operating characteristics to assess the accuracy of the model, and the calibration plots were employed to assess the fitting degree between the model and the practical scenario. One hundred and five patients were employed for the external validation to test the stability of the model. RESULTS: From the univariate analysis, patients' ages, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, National Institute of Health Stroke scale (NIHSS) scores, red blood cell, sex, history of coronary artery disease, stroke location and volume-viscosity swallow test showed statistical difference in the development group for the occurrence of SAP. By incorporating the factors above into a multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients' ages, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, NIHSS, and volume-viscosity swallow test emerged as the independent risk factors of the development of SAP. The nomogram based on the mentioned 4 variables above achieved a receiver operating characteristic of 0.951 and a validation group of 0.946. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed nomogram is capable of predicting predict the occurrence of SAP in LAA type AIS patients, and it may identify high-risk patients in time and present information for in-depth treatment.

Analyzing Temperature Distribution Patterns on the Facing and Backside Surface: Investigating Combustion Performance of Flame-Retardant Particle Boards Using Aluminum Hypophosphite, Intumescent, and Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardants.

Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor decorative finishing materials. Flame-retardant particleboard, crucial for fire safety in such applications, undergoes performance analysis that includes assessing temperature distribution across its facing surface and temperature increase on the backside surface during facade combustion, yielding critical insights into fire scenario development. In this study, a compact flame spread apparatus is utilized to examine the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of particle boards, with a specific emphasis on the application of cost-effective flame retardants, encompassing aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP), an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and Dipentaerythritol (DPE), alongside magnesium hydroxide (MDH), and their associated combustion characteristics. The D300°C values, representing the vertical distance from the ignition point (IP) to P300°C (the temperature point at 300 °C farthest from IP), are measured using a compact temperature distribution measurement platform. For MDH/PB, APP + MEL + DPE/PB, and ALHP/PB samples, the respective D300°C values of 145.79 mm, 117.81 mm, and 118.57 mm indicate reductions of 11.11%, 28.17%, and 27.71%, compared to the untreated sample's value of 164.02 mm. The particle boards treated with ALHP, IFR, and MDH demonstrated distinct flame-retardant mechanisms. MDH/PB relied on the thermal decomposition of MDH to produce MgO and H2O for flame retardancy, while APP + MEL + DPE/PB achieved flame retardancy through a cross-linked structure with char expansion, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate during combustion. On the other hand, ALHP/PB attained flame retardancy by reacting with wood materials and adhesives, forming a stable condensed P-N-C structure. This study serves as a performance reference for the production of cost-effective flame-resistant particleboards and offers a practical method for assessing its fire-resistant properties when used as a decorative finishing material on facades in real fire situations.